Incomplete Words

Needs to be added to the end of a word. Ex:
Boston-aqsemi: She’s an American woman (away).

Plural: ’ináx̄ʷ-
This word needs to be connected to other words. Ex:
k̓éci ’át̓ela ’enáx̄ʷs bek̓ʷálaƛ: don’t holler when/if you speak.

This word requires an ending. Ex:
’engʷáƛas: what are you called?
’engʷáƛu: what is that person (near you) called?
’engʷáƛi: what is that person (away) called?

Plural: ’ísa-
This word requires an ending. Ex:
’esá’ix w̓ac̓: the dog is his/hers/theirs (near me)
’esá’u w̓ac̓: the dog is his/hers/theirs (near you)
’esá’i w̓ac̓: the dog is his/hers/theirs (away)

This partial goes on the end of certain words. No examples can be found (see -kelasu entry below).

This partial word requires an ending. Ex:
ges l̓ex̄u’á k̓éci láwels: when you cough, don’t go out.
gen: and/when I
ges: and/when you
genis: and/when we (inclusive)
genuxʷ: and/when we (exclusive)
gex: and/when they (near me)
gu: and/when they (near me)
gi: and/when they (away)
gisgi: and/when they (just gone)

This partial word requires an ending. Ex:
gemí ḡʷail hálakap̓i: and that’s why they raced each other.

This partial word requires an ending. Ex:
c̓ax̄émguɫi: in the past, it was a fireweed (former fireweed, it used to be a fireweed). This word ending usually refers to something dead. Word structure appears to vary depending upon whether referencing a person, an animal, or something else. When referring to a person, the [g] most often does not appear. Ex: John Smith-uɫi (the late John Smith). Theoretically, both can be used: John Smith-uɫi or John Smith-guɫi.

This can be placed in between words or it can be reduced to /-s/ and added to the end of a word. Ex:
’ítanugʷas ’idáyu: I row with oars. The /-s/ comes after ’ítanugʷa and connects it to ’idáyu. This is the most common way of connecting words in x̄á’islak̓ala. You can think of it as saying in English, “about rowing, I use oars”. It could also be said the following way:
’ítanugʷa his ’idáyu. In this case, /his/ is used as a full word and placed between ’ítanugʷa and ’idáyu.

This needs to be added to the end of a word. Ex:
gélw̓agilaƛen: I will make (build) a canoe. In this instance, [g] is included because the word it’s being attached to (gélw̓a) ends with a vowel (a, e, i, u). This also happens when a word ends with a syllabic consonant (el, em, en) Ex:
hemgiláƛen: I will make food.
For root words that end with a regular consonant, the [g] is not used. Ex:
x̄esiláƛen: I will make (build) a canoe. In this case, the root word is √x̄es-(1), so /-ila/ is added to it without the [g].

Added to the end of a word. Ex:
Ab-kélasunugʷa:I am (to be) called Ab.

Requires and ending to be added. Ex:
k̓éci láwels: Don’t go out. In this case, the ending that’s being added to /k̓es-/ starts with an /s/. The rule is s + s = c, so it becomes /k̓éci/.
In the case of m̓áasi k̓esgíɫus p̓ála: why do you not work?, the ending that’s being added (-giɫ) does not start with an /s/, so it is added without any change.